Air pollution is a major public health crisis, linked to millions of premature deaths worldwide and costing the UK economy up to £1.6 billion each year. While the government has taken steps to address the issue, the UK still falls short of World Health Organization air quality guidelines. Urgent action is needed to reduce pollution and protect communities.

In this report, we show that clean air zones are the most effective way to tackle urban air pollution. Despite concerns about fairness and economic impact, evidence from across Europe proves they work. We outline how targeted measures—such as financial support, better public transport, and community engagement—can ensure clean air zones benefit both people and businesses.

To drive progress, we recommend that local authorities implement comprehensive clean air zones alongside wider transport improvements and consultation with communities. Central government must set stricter legal limits on air pollution and provide sustained funding to support local action. With the right approach, clean air zones can deliver cleaner air, healthier communities, and stronger local economies.